(a) Recurrent training must ensure that each crew member or dispatcher is adequately trained and currently proficient with respect to the type airplane (including differences training, if applicable) and crewmember position involved.

(b) Recurrent ground training for crewmembers and dispatchers must include at least the following:

(1) A quiz or other review to determine the state of the crewmember's or dispatcher's knowledge with respect to the airplane and position involved.

(2) Instruction as necessary in the subjects required for initial ground training by §121.415(a), as appropriate, including emergency training (not required for aircraft dispatchers).

(3) For flight attendants and dispatchers, a competence check as required by §§121.421(b) and 121.422(b), respectively.

(4) Approved recurrent CRM training. For flight crewmembers, this training or portions thereof may be accomplished during an approved simulator line operational flight training (LOFT) session. The recurrent CRM training requirement does not apply until a person has completed the applicable initial CRM training required by §§121.419, 121.421, or 121.422.

1. (c) Recurrent ground training for crewmembers and dispatchers must consist of at least the following programmed hours unless reduced under §121.405:

(1) For pilots and flight engineers --

(i) Group I, reciprocating powered airplanes, 16 hours;

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered airplanes, 20 hours; and

(iii) Group II airplanes, 25 hours.

(2) For flight navigators --

(i) Group I reciprocating powered airplanes, 12 hours;

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered airplanes, 16 hours; and

(iii) Group II airplanes, 16 hours.

(3) For flight attendants --

(i) Group I reciprocating powered airplanes, 4 hours;

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered airplanes, 5 hours; and

(iii) Group II airplanes, 12 hours.

(4) For aircraft dispatchers --

(i) Group I reciprocating powered airplanes, 8 hours;

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered airplanes, 10 hours; and

(iii) Group II airplanes, 20 hours.

(d) Recurrent flight training for flight crewmembers must include at least the following:

(1) For pilots, flight training in an approved simulator in maneuvers and procedures set forth in the certificate holder's approved low-altitude windshear flight training program and flight training in maneuvers and procedures set forth in appendix F to this part, or in a flight training program approved by the Administrator, except as follows --

(i) The number of programmed inflight hours is not specified; and

(ii) Satisfactory completion of a proficiency check may be substituted for recurrent flight training as permitted in §121.433(c).

(2) For flight engineers, flight training as provided by §121.425(a) except as follows --

(i) The specified number of inflight hours is not required; and

(ii) The flight check, other than the preflight inspection, may be conducted in an airplane simulator or other training device. The preflight inspection may be conducted in an airplane, or by using an approved pictorial means that realistically portrays the location and detail or preflight inspection items and provides for the portrayal of abnormal conditions. Satisfactory completion of an approved line-oriented simulator training program may be substituted for the flight check.

(3) For flight navigators, enough inflight training and an inflight check to insure competency with respect to operating procedures and navigation equipment to be used and familiarity with essential navigation information pertaining to the certificate holder's routes that require a flight navigator.