Saudia flight
163 departed Riyadh's international
airport shortly before 10:00pm the night
of August 19, 1980. 287 passengers and
14 crew members were aboard the L-1011
bound for Jeddah. About seven minutes
into the flight, while climbing through
15,000ft, the crew was alerted by aural
and visual indicators that there was
smoke in the aft cargo compartment. The
crew then spent the next four minutes
trying to confirm the warnings and
finding the smoke alert procedure in the
aircraft's manual.
At this point, the
Captain decided to return to the
airport. The number 2 engine thrust
lever became stuck and the crew then
shut it down. Despite this, the aircraft
landed safely back at Riyadh. Instead of
stopping the aircraft, the crew
continued to roll out and did not stop
until on a taxiway, some 2 minutes and
40 seconds after touchdown. In addition,
the engines weren't shut down for
another 3 minutes and 15 seconds,
preventing rescue crews from being able
to enter the aircraft. Rescue crews were
also not familiar with the exit
locations on the aircraft and it was an
incredible 23 minutes after engine
shutdown before the fuselage was
accessed. All 310 people aboard the
aircraft were killed.
......Review of the CVR showed a serious
breakdown in crew co-ordination almost
from the first sign of trouble. The
Captain failed to delegate
responsibility to the other crew
members, deciding to fly the aircraft
and try to assess and remedy the problem
as well. The First Officer had very
limited experience on the L-1011 and did
not try to assist the Captain in flying
the aircraft or monitoring
communications or systems. The Second
Officer, who was thought to be dyslexic,
spent nearly all of his time searching
through the aircraft's operations
manual, the whole time repeating to
himself "No Problem."
In addition, the
Captain did not warn the cabin crew to
prepare for evacuation nor did he even
indicate that an evacuation was going to
take place. Instead, he told the flight
crew NOT to evacuate after landing.
After the aircraft was stopped, one
final transmission was received,
indicating that an evacuation was about
to take place. The evacuation never
began however. The fire had moved
rapidly forward and all of the victims
were found in the forward half of the
aircraft though none of the doors had
been opened. It is not known why the
crew was not able to better co-ordinate
their efforts to handle the emergency
more efficiently and prepare the crew
for an immediate evacuation.
It seems unbelievable
that the aircraft could land safely with
all alive on board and yet not one
person was able to escape. Following the
accident, Lockheed removed the
insulation from above the rear cargo
area and reinforced it with high
strength glass laminate. In addition,
Saudia revised their emergency
procedures and evacuation training and
also sealed off all of the C-3 baggage
areas.