Classic is as Classic Does
It is dangerous to use the
word "classic." One reason
is that, under the EAA's
scheme of things, the term
applies to a specific
group of airplanes made
after the war. For
another, it denotes
something that is timeless
which knows no era of
birth or death. That is
the traditional definition
of the word, and it is
usually applied to a work
of art whether one, two,
or three dimensional one
that will live forever.
It's also 'the definition
of the Ryan STA.
I am a
STA buff, pure and simple.
I am not an expert. I have
very little Ryan time and
I doubt if I've seen more
than three STAs in my
entire life. But that
can't stop me from loving
a celebrity I've never met
or a place that I've never
been. In that respect, I
suppose I'm like ninety
percent of the aeromaniacs
around the world. You
don't have to have flown
an STA nor do you even
have to be a pilot to
appreciate the lines and
the history of performance
that has made the STA live
well beyond her prime of
life. No, correct that,
because she is still in
her prime of life, which
is why she is a classic.
If I
were being totally honest,
I would have to admit to
an unnatural lust for the
STA; in my eyes, there is
simply no better looking
open-cockpit monoplane. In
fact, most of my Veco
Chiefs and Warriors (those
are control line models to
you for young'uns out
there) came out looking
like STAs. But, if you
think about it, most of
the control line models of
the 1940s and 1950s tried
to look like STAs since
that was every kid's way
of owning the airplane
they all loved.
I've
never owned one nor will
I, a simple matter of
economics because the Ryan
has never been cheap
airplane. Costing $6,000
in its 1938 version, there
was a brief period right
after the war where a few
surplus STMs (military
STAs) showed up at bargain
basement prices. That,
however, was only the
briefest blink of
history's eye because she
has always been one of the
more expensive "antique"
airplanes around. Today
she commands prices in the
$50,000 bracket.
Designed originally in
1934 by T. Claude Ryan, he
of Spirit of St. Louis
fame, the plane first
took to the air as the S-T
with a little 95-horse
Menasco four cylinder,
in-line engine in the
nose. After only four or
five S-Ts were produced,
the engine was replaced
with the 125 horse C-4
Menasco which gave it a
lot more performance and
quickly grabbed the
attention of such
aeronautical luminaries as
Tex Rankin who used an STA
to win the International
Acrobatic Championships in
1938. According to
folklore, Rankin used to
dive the airplane to 260
miles an hour to start
some of his manoeuvres
which, if true, certainly
proves the fact that there
were no real structural
limitations on the STA
airframe. The only
limitation was the pilot's
intestinal fortitude.
Since the STA attracted
the so-called "sportsman"
pilots of the day, it was
only natural Ryan would
produce a hotrod model STA
called simply STA Special.
It was the supercharged
150 horse C-4S Menasco
that made the STA Special,
really special. That extra
25 ponies gave a top speed
of 160 miles an hour
(according to yellowed
pilot handbooks) along
with acrobatic performance
that was hard to match.
Which
brings us to STA Special
Serial No.188 and Lou
Russo.
Lou has
owned No. 188 for
something over twenty
years and, for at least
half of that time, he and
I have been trying to get
together so I could live
out my Ryan fantasies for
real. But even though he
bases the airplane less
than 80 miles away,
somehow we just never seem
to dovetail our schedules
or weather. Finally, just
before he changed job
locations, which would
have taken his STA away
from me forever, we
managed to meet at
Andover-Aeroflex Field in
New Jersey where I am
based.
As I
watched him come down
final to the stubby little
2,000-foot runway I call
home, I was more than just
casually observing. I was
analyzing his approach and
his way of handling the
airplane since I knew in a
few minutes that would be
me up there. I didn't want
to blow this one
opportunity that had
eluded me for so long. As
he gently touched down and
rolled to a stop in less
than half the runway,
visions of Veco Chiefs and
all the film clips I had
ever seen of STAs dancing
through the sky flashed
through my mind and I
couldn't help but grin. I
just knew that I was going
to love this. I felt as if
I had known the airplane
all my life.
There
is bound to be an
inevitable comparison
between the PT-22 world
war two trainer And the
STA since they are of the
same lineage and general
configuration. I am not
particularly in love with
PT-22s but I had always
heard there was a giant
difference between the 22s
and the STAs. I noticed
some of the physical
differences as soon as I
started to saddle up No.
188. Certainly the most
noticeable is the size of
the cockpit opening. Most
of the military model
Ryans (STMs, PT-20, -21s,
-22s, etc.) moved the
fuselage stiffeners to the
outside and down so as to
allow a much larger
cockpit cut-out so cadets
could climb in and out
with that infamous
cement-hard seat pack
parachute. Also, the STA
had heel brakes (more
about those later) instead
of the 22's toe brakes
while the windshield was a
formed, highly streamlined
fairing made to cheat the
wind while protecting the
pilot. The landing gear
was a full foot wider on
the 22 and used gigantic
castings rather than steel
weldments for the yokes.
The fuselage on the 22 was
14 inches longer and 3
inches wider. Oh yeah, I
forgot the most obvious
change, the little C-4S
Menasco apparently wasn't
giving the military the
reliability they wanted so
they went to a Kinner 160
horse radial. The net
result of militarizing the
STA airframe added almost
300 pounds to her empty
weight, nearly thirty
percent over the STA's
1,050-pound empty weight.
A lot
of old airplanes feel just
that, old, but the STA
envelops you in a tight
little aluminium womb that
makes an old Pitts pilot
like me feel right at
home. Only the
aforementioned heel brakes
were of any real concern.
They pivoted off of the
bottom inside corner of
the rudder pedals,
requiring you to swing
your heels well inboard
and up to use them. This
would be no real problem
except I was wearing
cowboy boots with riding
heels and I had to work
especially hard to make
sure I didn't slip off the
brake pedals. Since the
airplane has a full swivel
tail wheel, the ultimate
authority in steering once
the wind is gone out of
the tail is the brakes.
In
taxiing through the grass
toward the end of the
runway, I was pleased (and
relieved) to find that
with just idle power and
virtually no forward
speed, the rudder had
absolutely no trouble
steering the airplane. The
brakes were only for
stopping and not for
directional control.
Lou
made the first takeoff and
I observed his technique
carefully. When it came my
turn, I brought the stick
forward just as quickly as
I moved the power up
getting the tail into the
air almost before we were
rolling. The engine had
that flat, hard bark that
only comes from short
exhaust stacks on in-line
cylinders. It's a world
away from a Lycoming or
even a radial. It's a
sound all it's own.
A
little rudder pressure
here and there kept that
long, narrow cowling
pointed straight down the
middle of the runway. I
felt that familiar grin
work its way across my
face, as the airplane
lifted off and began
climbing in a near level
attitude. The wind nipping
at my helmet, the stick
vibrating in sympathy with
the Menasco, the airplane
had an aura of graceful
eagerness to it, as if it
was reacting to your
wishes, rather than being
forced to go somewhere it
didn't want to go.
Leaving
the go-lever forward, I
brought the nose up
searching for 80-85 miles
an hour and found another
gigantic difference
between the STA and the
PT-22 . . . the STA really
knows how to climb! Since
No. 188 was a Special,
that extra 25 horses
probably did wonders to
her takeoff and climb
performance. Since I'll
probably never get another
chance to fly a straight
STA, my memories of its
takeoff performance will
always be that of the STA
Special.
We
weren't even out of the
pattern and I knew I had
definitely not misplaced
my affections for the last
thirty-five years. She was
everything I had hoped she
would he.
Russo
and I were both very, very
pressed for time, so the
time allotted for me to
make the STA's
acquaintance was much
tighter than I would have
preferred, but I still
felt as if I was being
allowed to poke my head
into airplane heaven. As I
pushed the nose over into
cruise and the speed built
up, I began doing Dutch
Rolls to get a feel for
the rudder/ aileron
harmonization. . it was
absolutely perfect. There
was no problem keeping the
nose dead on a point as I
rocked from side to side.
It was as if I had been
doing this for years
because the controls
flowed together so nicely.
The ailerons were quicker
and more precise than I
had even imagined.
Although not as quick as a
Swift or a Pitts, in its
day the STA must have been
a real mind breaker. The
only contemporary that had
similar controls was the
fabled Bucker Jungmiester,
another of the legends to
come out of the 1930s.
On the
ground, even before Lou
walked around up front to
yank the engine into life
he apologized for his
airplane being out of rig.
While I did notice a
slight wing down tendency
in cruise, it wasn't until
bringing the power back to
set up for a stall that I
really noticed what he
said. As the needle
dropped below 50 miles an
hour and the wing decided
it had had enough, the
nose dropped and the
airplane rolled briskly to
the left demanding that I
push the nose down and
punch the Menasco.
Instantly it was back
flying again, so I brought
the nose up and set up for
another stall, this time
out of a 20-degree bank to
the left. Pulling controls
a little hard produced an
accelerated stall that,
again, dropped the left
wing sharply down, showing
me that, if I wanted, a
quick spin entry was only
a little rudder pressure
away.
With time working against
us and the sun working its
way toward the horizon, I
turned around and headed
into the pattern at
Aeroflex. As I was
parallel to the runway and
preparing to bring the
power back, I realized we
had never even discussed
the landing and I had no
idea what approach speed
to use. Theorizing that
airplanes generally glide
at the same speed at which
they climb best, I brought
the power back and set up
an 80 mile an hour glide.
Later, Lou told me I had
been right on the money,
so guess-work once again
replaces talent. The
airplane's clean lines
fooled me because it was
obvious the STA wasn't
losing altitude at the
rate I had expected. A
slight slip was in order.
I had forgotten the
airplane had flaps, which
may have helped in that
situation, but I prefer a
slip anyway.
At no
time did the nose block
out any of the runway, not
even as I broke the glide
and gently felt for the
grass with the main gear.
Again, guessing that it
probably safer to wheel
land the airplane, as I
had seen Lou do, I held a
level altitude gently
holding off until that
long stoke-gear kissed the
grass ever so slightly,
and I gently eased the
stick forward to pin the
STA into position.
As on
the takeoff, just the
gentlest of rudder
pressures kept the nose
dead in front of me.
However, as the wind began
to go out of the tail and
I let the plane come down
into a three point
position, it suddenly
dawned on me that I
couldn't reach the brakes
with my heels! I moved
around for a few seconds
fishing for the brake
pedals and finally said
the hell with it and
brought my head inside the
cockpit to see exactly
where my feet and the
brake pedals were. I
located them just in time
to help me slow down a
meandering swerve that had
developed while I had my
head between my knees.
On the second takeoff and
landing, I felt even more
at home except I once
again was high on the
approach and no amount of
slipping was going to get
me down in the first 500
feet of the runway. You
get in the habit when
flying off a 2,000 foot
strip of going around if
you haven't got it down
right where you want it
and that was the case on
this approach . . . go
arounds happen in the best
of families. On my third
approach I had enough
sense to back the STA out
a little further and Lou
ran out the flaps which
helped even more. Knowing
this would probably be my
last landing in an STA, I
was determined to make the
touchdown as smooth and
perfect as possible, since
that's the memory I would
always carry. Before I
broke the glide, I glanced
inside to make sure my
heels were on the brake
pedals should I need them
and then gently held off
as the wheels whispered
through the grass. As they
began to settle on, I
again pinned it to the
runway and felt that silly
grin working its way
across my face for the
umpteenth time on this
trip. This time I had it
wired and made an arrow
straight roll out, which
was much more of a tribute
to the airplane than the
pilot.
The
comment a person makes
when they un-strap an
airplane after they've
flown it for the first
time often reveals much of
what went on during the
flight. In this case, the
first thing that came to
mind as I climbed over the
side of the fuselage was
"Lou, I now see why
everybody loves STAs."
So
what's not to love? The
STA is a beautiful machine
with some of the best
control harmonization to
be found in airplanes of
the period. The visibility
in takeoff and landing is
excellent, considering
that it is a taildragger,
and in a wheel landing
she's dead easy to handle.
However, Lou says in a
three-point, the Ryan does
have a tendency to wander
one way or the other and
he prefers to always put
the plane on its main gear
as a form of insurance.
I know
for a fact that I will
never own an STA. The
economic gods have willed
that things like college
payments and houses have
to come first. It's not as
if I haven't been there,
and that at least puts me
several notches up the
totem pole of dreams. I
was probably ten years old
when I fell in love with
the machine, and it took
thirty-three years to
consummate that romance.
A
classic? Yes, in every
possible sense of the
word. She'll undoubtedly
live on forever.
'Who
knows? Maybe I'll own one
yet.