Storch (WWII
Fieseler Fi-156)
by Budd Davisson, courtesy of
www.airbum.com
Dirty
(aeronautically and
historically), slow
(it'll land
backwards on an
outhouse roof), and
rare (try to find
one), the Fieseler
Storch shows how to
walk on air
Before There Were
Helicopters, There
Was the Storch
It was cold. SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer
Otto Skorzeny turned
his back to the
biting wind, burying
his hands in the
deep pockets of his
SS topcoat. As he
chatted with the
bald-headed man he'd
come to rescue, he
glanced at the small
band of exhausted
Wehrmacht soldiers
huddled in the
shelter of their
broken glider.
They'd just finished
clearing a tiny
patch of level
ground, prying and
pulling and rolling
away the larger
boulders as best
they could. Their
only hope of rescue
lay in that
rock-strewn,
furrowed patch of
ground a couple of
hundred feet long
perched on the side
of the mountain.
Skorzeny was
nervous. Der Fuhrer
had charged him with
finding and rescuing
IL Duce. Skorzeny
had found Mussolini
held captive in a
hotel on the peak of
the Gran Sasso
Massif in the
Abruzzi Molise. A
nearly perfect
prison location, it
was at an altitude
of 9,050 feet and
accessible only by
cable car. Skorzeny
looked across the
flat area to the
cliff and the
thousands of feet of
empty space beyond
and stamped his
feet, trying to keep
warm. It was
September, but the
sun didn't help at
that altitude. Then
he heard the faint
drone of an engine
laboring helplessly
in the thin air.
He shielded his eyes
and strained to see
the little airplane.
He had originally
planned to use a
Focke-Achgelis
Fa-223 helicopter
for the rescue
pickup, but it had
broken down at the
last minute and he
had to rely on a
conventional
airplane. As it came
closer, he looked
again at the tiny
landing area and
grimaced. At this
altitude,
impossible! The
airplane was almost
there, its legs
dangling like a
praying Mantis and
its wings festooned
with all manner of
flaps and slats.
Then to his
amazement, the
spindly airplane
touched down and
lurched to a halt
with yards to spare.
A Fieseler Storch
had arrived to pluck
Benito Mussolini
from one of the most
impenetrable spots
on earth.
More than just
another ugly face,
the Storch is more
kangaroo than stork.
That was the
Storch's only moment
of glory. Most of
its life was back
breaking, thankless
labour as a tool, a
method of
transportation. It
earned no accolades
or medals. It was a
mud covered, beat-up
jeep of an airplane,
with only one
redeeming feature—it
could get in and out
of places most
airplanes wouldn't
use as crash sites.
An emaciated
buzzard, it followed
the German army
wherever it went and
acted as eyes when
they had none; as an
airline where none
could exist.
Officially, the
Fi-156 Fieseler
Storch began in 1935
as Gerhard
Fieseler's answer to
an air ministry
specification for a
general purpose
airplane that could
take off and land in
an extremely short
distance. Fieseler's
chief designer,
Reinhold Mewes,
decided for ease of
maintenance that the
airplane should be
completely
conventional in its
construction, and so
utilized a steel
tubing and fabric
fuselage with wooden
wings. The engine
was the then-common
Argus As 10C
inverted V-8
air-cooled 240-hp
model.
Aerodynamically
Mewes decided to go
to the other extreme
and use the most
advanced techniques
available to produce
the ultimate in slow
speed performance.
Accordingly, the big
46-foot wing a had
full-length fixed
slats (projected
movable slats never
materialized),
Fowler-type flaps
that increased wing
area by 18 percent,
and ailerons that
drooped with the
flaps when they were
extended past 20
degrees.
To keep up with the
tremendous demand
for the Storch,
production was
boosted by retooling
the Morane-Saulnier
plant in occupied
France for the
Storch. The Morane-built
airplanes were
modified and the
wings were
redesigned to use
aluminium. After the
war, the airplane
was so popular for
towing gliders that
Morane produced a
post-war model with
a radial engine and
strengthened
fuselage.
Until recently, the
only Storch in
America was hiding
in the Smithsonian's
storage facility in
Silverhill,
Maryland. But last
year, Gert Frank of
Kensington, New
Hampshire,
single-handedly more
than tripled the
U.S. Storch
population. Frank is
a captain for
Northeast Airlines
and an ex-fighter
pilot, but most of
his free time is
spent burrowing into
forgotten corners of
the world, buying
and importing
strange foreign
flying machines. The
mainstay of his
exotic airplane
importing business
is the DH Tiger
Moth. But in
response to the
growing interest in
unusual machinery,
he has started
importing all manner
of wonderful things.
He has brought in
several of the
DeHavilland
twin-engine
biplanes, the Rapide
and Dragon; a whole
bevy of the complex
and beautiful BMW
Sahara motorcycles
and sidecars; a
Kubelwagen, the Nazi
version of the
Volkswagen Thing (or
is it vice-versa?),
and Fieseler
Storches.
My own involvement
with the Storch
started one evening
when I was sitting
around with a friend
browsing through
Trade-A-Plane.
Suddenly my friend
let out a whoop,
"Fantastic! There's
a Fieseler Storch
for sale!" I dashed
for the telephone.
Thus, I came to know
Geert Frank and the
Great Storch
Expedition was
underway.
In 1972 Geert Frank
was way ahead of his
time and was
importing all manner
of unique, wonderful
flying machines.
Frank was in the
process of painting
the Storch so it
would be a while
before we'd be able
to see it. In the
meantime we kept our
local airport in a
tizzy by regaling
them with stories of
the Storch and the
fantastic things you
could do with such
an airplane. When
this thing started,
nobody had ever
heard of a
Fieseler-Storch, but
before long we
produced picture
after picture and
all the local
tire-kickers
immediately fell in
love with its
obvious lack of
charm. We even
formed a sub-rosa
chapter of the
International
Aerobatic Club, but
ours was the FSAMS,
the Fieseler-Storch
Aerobatic and
Marching Society.
The airplane
generated more local
excitement than
anything since the
Thruxton Jackaroo.
Yep, doesn’t take
much to get us all
pumped up.
One evening, the
long-awaited call
came: The Storch was
ready to be flown!
The only day we were
guaranteed good
weather was in the
middle of the week,
so hurried plans
were made, airplanes
fuelled, cameras
loaded and we all
headed north to New
Hampshire, in search
of the Storch.
A few hours later we
were winding through
the New Hampshire
landscape in Geert
Frank's Mercedes.
Frank has a small
farm, but as luck
would have it, there
is no place flat
enough to
accommodate even a
Storch. He
refurbishes the
airplanes in his
shop and then tows
them several miles
to a short strip he
shares with a
farmer. Towing is
easy since the
Storch's wings fold.
No sooner had he
explained his
operation then we
rounded a bend, and
parked there
(slouched might be a
better word) was a
real Fieseler Storch,
complete with German
colours.
Even though I had
seen many pictures
of the Storch,
nothing could
possibly convey its
size and general
ungainliness. It
stands so high off
the ground that an
average man can
barely see in the
side windows. In
fact, we doubt that
there's a man alive
who could step from
the ground to the
door sill, once the
huge, multi-faceted
door is pulled out
and up and fastened
to the bottom of the
wing. This isn't an
airplane, it's a
three-dimensional,
whimsical caricature
of an airplane.
Traditionally, the
whole idea of
aviation has centred
on
efficiency-getting
the most speed from
the least
horsepower. This
airplane, clearly,
works on the
opposite premise. If
there is an airplane
with more
drag-producing
protuberances, I've
never seen it.
Aerodynamically, the
Storch makes a
tumbleweed look
slick.
I quickly scurried
up the gear leg,
onto the ladder, and
. into the cockpit.
The nose didn't even
begin to block my
vision because I was
sitting so high
above it. The
cockpit area is
huge, big enough to
stand up in, and
it's cluttered with
cranks, wheels and
levers, all labelled
in German. The stick
and rudder are where
they should be, but
the rudders are big
cast-aluminium
footprints with
safety straps of
their own and the
stick resembles a
telephone pole. The
flaps are lowered by
a crank, not a
dainty light plane
crank, but a
man-sized Model "T"
Ford type crank that
sticks out of the
left wall. By
winding in the Aus
direction, wing-size
boards flop out of
the trailing edges
and the ailerons
race to catch up. In
the spar
carry-through
structure over the
pilot's head is a
pointer that
indicates how much
flap is hanging out,
and in this
airplane, any flap
at all is a lot.
Frank's Storch is an
original German
machine fitted with
Morane metal wings.
As originally
equipped, it had a
mount for a flexible
machine gun sticking
backward out of the
top of the rear
canopy glass. It was
manned by the third
passenger kneeling
on the back of his
folded seat. Frank
didn't have the
third seat
installed. Because
of the way the side
glass is angled out,
all passengers have
a nearly
unobstructed,
straight down view
of the ground
The rural runway
measured just a tad
over a thousand
feet, most of which
was a narrow path
whittled through the
trees. The wind was
gusting crosswise,
so I decided to put
off the actual
flying until the
wind figured out
which way it was
going to blow. While
we were waiting,
Frank gave us a tour
of his
farm/workshop/Tiger
Moth-ranch. I envy
him his ambition and
geographical
location. How many
of us have dreamed
of a little place in
the country, the
feel of autumn
closing in as we
walk out to our
workshop to do a
little more doping
or rib-stitching on
our latest project!
A few hours later,
we ventured forth
and decided it was
time to go Storching.
Except for taking a
long time to get the
cylinder head
temperature into the
green, the inverted
Argus V-8 started
and preflighted just
like any other
engine, only it had
a definite Teutonic
sound. More of a
growl than anything
else.
I’ll have to admit
that as I rumbled
through the grass to
the end of the
runway, I couldn’t
have felt more out
of place if I had
tried. There was
nothing about the
airplane that was
even vaguely
reminiscent of
anything else I had
flown. You sit so
high with so many
tubes and frames
cutting through your
view that for a
brief second, I had
the feeling that I
was perched well up
in the branches of
an old apple tree.
And I was about to
fall out.
You’re sitting
there, your hand
wrapped around an
impossibly tall
stick while your
feet are spread wide
and held to the
aluminium foot
prints by straps. I
pointed the nose
into the cut in the
trees and decided it
was time to find out
what the Storch was
all about.
Slats, drooping
ailerons, huge flaps
help the Storch fly
REALLY slow
Frank said on
takeoff to keep it
on the ground until
I had 40 knots
indicated and then
to yank like crazy.
He said to forget
about finesse. It
called for brutish
control
applications. Aside
from the size, he
said, it flew like a
Cub. I disregarded
the Cub analogy and
locked onto the
40-knot figure. I
started the throttle
forward and the
exhaust tone of an
old circle-track
stock car rumbled
over me and the
airplane lunged
forward. I pushed
forward with the
stick in an effort
at raising the tail,
but nothing was
happening. At first
I thought the tail
must weigh a ton.
The stick pressures
were enormous. In
fact, I found I
could barely move it
with one hand, so I
wedged my shoulder
against the seat and
really gave the
stick a shove. The
tail sagged into the
air but even as the
tailwheel left the
ground, 40 knots
showed up on the
clock. I relaxed
just a little and
suddenly found
myself above the
trees moving
vertically,
indicating 60 knots,
which was the top of
the white arc and 20
knots above climb
speed. At that
point, the elevator
pressures had
disappeared, so I
guess the takeoff
position marked on
the trim indicator
is what's needed for
climb out. The trim
control changes the
angle of incidence
of the entire
stabilizer, which is
gigantic, so it’s
really effective.
I cranked the 20
degrees of takeoff
flaps up and turned
downwind to try for
a landing. Only then
did I realize how
tiny a runway looks
when it's only 1,000
feet long and
two-thirds of it is
a narrow slash going
through a dense
forest. If this was
a STOL airplane, we
certainly had the
place for it. As I
reduced power to
crank the flaps out,
I had to really
watch my nose
attitude and
airspeed, because
dropping the nose
just a little sent
the airspeed
sky-rocketing up to
50 knots or more. As
I found later, I
should have been
more worried about
getting too fast
rather than being
afraid of slow
speeds.
I turned final at
the recommended 35
to 40 knots and saw
that I was going to
land miles past the
point I wanted, so I
cranked the rest of
the flaps down. I
was doing 35 knots,
with 400 yards of
flaps hanging out,
and it wouldn't come
down! Finally, it
began STOLing and
started falling for
a point about a
third of the way
down the strip,
right where the
runway made a
20-degree dogleg to
the left.
I was thinking the
Storch had better be
as good as everybody
says it is, or I'm
in big trouble. I
turned the corner
while flaring and
got straightened out
just before I hit.
The bagel-size tires
didn't soak up much
shock, but the long
oleos sucked up any
bounce it had in it,
and I nailed the
brakes immediately.
The gear had touched
down right next to
the start of a
fence, so it was
easy to judge how
far this mongoose
had rolled. I swung
around and could
hardly believe that
the first fence post
was less than 100
feet away. The
Storch (a name I now
revered) had rolled
three airplane
lengths at the very
most and I had been
too hot with zero
headwind to help.
I must have made at
least 15 takeoffs
and landings, all of
them incredibly
short and none of
them where I wanted
them to be. On
takeoff, I soon
found that even with
the correct trim, I
couldn't yank hard
enough to come even
close to stalling
it. As soon as I had
a minimum of 35
knots, I could pull
back all I wanted
and do nothing but
climb. I had
absolutely no
head-wind component
and still my initial
climb angle was
nearly 45 degrees.
This is one of the
few airplanes around
that really will
leap off the ground.
Taking off
three-point in a
headwind, I doubt
that it would need
more than 20 feet to
get off, although I
was using close to
100 most of the
time.
Bagel size tires are
mounted on really
long stroke oleos.
This is about half
flap on takeoff.
To make short-field
landings on a chosen
spot, you usually
like to get the
airplane slow enough
so you have to use
power to drag it in.
I was constantly
frustrated in the
Storch, because I
never got it slow
enough to need
power. Almost every
landing was
power-off, and
eventually I was so
exasperated that I
was approaching at
25 knots indicated.
At that speed, I
needed power to
soften the
touchdown, but it
still wasn't slow
enough to hang on
the prop. I'll bet
the really hot-shoe
German types would
come creeping in
over the trees at
practically zero
airspeed, letting it
fall on command and
catching it at the
last moment with a
burst of power. I
tried to stall it
while at altitude
and found that it
not only refuses to
stall, but as long
as I had the
slightest amount of
power in to give it
elevator
effectiveness, I
could easily fly the
airplane where I
wanted while holding
the stick all the
way back. Once you
master that kind of
approach, you could
land backwards on an
outhouse roof.
I had a lot of silly
things happen while
flying this airplane
but the silliest was
when I tried
slipping it. I was
high, per usual, so
Ifigured I’d just
use a max deflection
slip. Hey, it works
on other airplanes,
why not? As I leaned
the aileron into it
and got on the
opposite rudder
everything was going
just hunky-dory
until I got about
half rudder. At that
point, the rudder
pressure disappeared
and the rudder pedal
sank to the floor
with no effort from
me and stayed there.
So, there I was,
coming down final
sideways with a
rudder that was
stuck to the floor
of its own accord.
That scared the
living hell out of
me!
I had to practically
stand on the other
rudder to get things
straightened out. I
guess the
aerodynamic balance
on the rudder is so
big that when enough
of it catches the
wind, it overpowers
the surface and
yanks it to full
deflection. Let’s
see you get that one
past FAA
certification!
Manoeuvring in the
Storch is a real
physical workout.
The controls feel
the way the airplane
looks—gawky and
loose. The stick
forces are anything
but light and to
keep it completely
coordinated, your
feet have to thrash
in and out as if you
were working an old
sewing machine. At
one point I realized
my T-shirt had
worked up in the
back exposing the
bottom of my spine.
By the time I was
done flying, I had
worn a red spot just
above my butt from
moving my feet back
and forth and
rubbing my butt
against the metal
seat back.
What is it about a
Fieseler Storch that
appeals to something
in all of us? It
certainly isn't the
Storch's blazing
cruise of 70 knots
or its 1600-rpm full
throttle sound. Nor
is it loved for its
streamlined
gracefulness. Maybe
it's the idea of
having an airplane
that converts your
backyard into an
airport, or maybe
it's the part the
Storch has played in
history. For me, the
Storch has appeal
because it doesn't
try to be pretty.
It's a good honest
ugly and doesn't
seem to care.
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